C

Current evidence is inconclusive. Some earlier case-control studies suggested an increased risk of tubal infertility after a ruptured appendix [Mueller, 1986, PMID: 3785307], but more recent critical appraisals and better-designed studies have found no statistically significant association for either tubal infertility or ectopic pregnancy and point out major methodological limitations in the older literature [Urbach & Cohen, 1999, PMID: 10223070; Urbach et al., 2001, PMID: 11257064].