C

Silicate cements have a linear coefficient of thermal expansion (≈9–12 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) that almost matches enamel (≈11 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) and dentin (≈9–11 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) [Xu, 1989, PMID 2619623; Santos, 2008, PMID 18602305].  
Gold alloys/foil are higher (≈14–16 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) [Kellerhoff, 2007, PMID 17499090], and acrylic resin is far higher (≈80 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) [Isgró, 2004, PMID 14741610]. Therefore, silicate cement is the material whose thermal expansion behavior most closely resembles that of tooth structure.