D

Thumb-sucking habits displace the tongue and apply forces that procline maxillary incisors (↑ overjet), impede vertical eruption of anterior teeth (localized anterior open bite), and narrow the palatal arch (maxillary constriction/posterior cross-bite) [Vinay et al., 2013, PMID 24403802; Larsson, 1994, PMID 9055659].