B

Boiling (100 °C) is a high-level disinfection method—it reliably inactivates vegetative bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and many viruses such as hepatitis B virus, but it does not destroy all bacterial spores, so it cannot be relied on to sterilize surgical instruments [Kobayashi 1984, PMID 6436295; Wang 2021, PMID 34937194; Rowinski 2021, PMID 34550059].