A

Chimerism produces two distinct genetic cell lines in one person; when such an individual is tested, different tissues can yield different DNA profiles, leading to false inclusion or, more commonly, false exclusion during DNA-based paternity analysis. Therefore, the phenomenon is classically discussed as a pitfall of paternity testing rather than maternity testing, routine identification, or transplantation work-up [Castella, 2009, PMID 19241086; Semikhodskii, 2023, PMID 37276934].