A

The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone (part of the body-hyoid complex) and the lower end of the stylohyoid ligament; the other listed structures give rise to the superior (mandible, pterygomandibular raphe) or inferior (cricoid cartilage) constrictors instead [Ernest & Salter, 1991, PMID 1941681].