C

Marginal bone loss is influenced by the surgical technique used (“boning”/bone preparation), the design and surface of the implant fixture, and the height or configuration of the abutment; each of these factors has been shown to alter early crestal remodeling [Galindo-Moreno 2014, PMID 24621670; Shin 2007, PMID 17066642; Berberi 2014, PMID 24750449]. The presence or type of prosthetic connector (bar, clip, or other linkage) does not independently determine marginal bone changes, so it is the least relevant factor.